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Future Prospects of Developing Anti diabetic drugs from plants and Cvot trails of Empagliflozin

Kulvinder Kaur

Hyperglycemia seen in T2DM occurs secondary to pancreatic functional impairment along with insulin resistance (IR), correlated with imbalance in glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis rates enhanced endogenous glucose synthesis. Decrease in lipid was seen in total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and triglycerides amounts with escalation of high density lipoproteins (HDL) amounts. DM presents with low plasma HDL with high triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and LDL amounts . Escalated LDL prevents insulin release and causes pancreatic B –cell apoptosis, although rise in HDL helps against apoptosis along with increase in pancreatic B –cell function, decreased plasma glucose and enhanced insulin. Collection of TG in liver, pancreas and muscles is associated with IR and the TC levels in adipocytes enhancement with > amts of TG’s [17]. As DM represents a complicated disease, there is requirement for agents that have multiple targets instead of single target approach by one drug [18]. In view of this plants like herbs and spices represent a very lucrative therapy for DM since variety of protein targets might be controlled with >1 agent. In the study of Pereira., et al. almost 50% of the herbs and spices were shown to be having a good percentage that have multiple targets that are cinnamon, cumin, fennel, fenugreek, lemon balm, liquorice, oregano, lemon grass, saffron, marjoram, rosemary, sage, thyme. The main antidiabetic actions seen in earlier works were a decrease in hyperglycemia and hyperliidemia, along with control in insulin secretion.