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Mechanisms of ischemic heart disease development in diabetes mellitus

Alexander V. Blagov, Sergey G. Kozlov, Andrey V.Grechko, Mikhail A. Popov, Vasily N. Sukhorukov, Alexander N.Orekho

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) or Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) has several risk factors, among which diabetes mellitus is one of the most important. In diabetic patients, the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia is still unclear: Some have atherosclerotic plaques that impede coronary blood flow, while others have myocardial ischemia due to coronary microvascular dysfunction in the absence of plaques in the epicardial vessels. In the relationship between myocardial metabolism and coronary blood flow, ion channels play a major role, and in patients with diabetes mellitus, they are involved in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease. Exposure to various cardiovascular risk factors and ischemic state determine the imbalance of the redox state, defined as oxidative stress, as well as advanced glycation end products and their receptors.