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Severe vitamin D deficiency in patients with Type 2 diabetes in north India

Anita Subramanian, Priyanka Nigam, Anoop Misra, Ravinder Mohan ,Pandey, Meeta Mathur , Ritesh Gupta & Shuchee Madhusudan

Aim: In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency in Asian Indians with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) living in north India.

Materials & methods: A total of 92 patients with T2DM were compared with nondiabetic patients (n = 92) matched for age, gender, BMI, waist circumference and total body fat. Demographic and clinical parameters, anthropometry (i.e., BMI, waist circumference, waist-to‑hip ratio, total body fat and trunk fat), fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and concentration (ng/ml) of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) were assessed.

Results: The average concentration of serum 25(OH)D3 (ng/ml; mean ± standard deviation) was significantly lower for T2DM patients as compared with nondiabetic patients (11.0 ± 7.5 vs 15.5 ± 9.8, p = 0.00). Severe vitamin D deficiency (%) was significantly more prevalent among T2DM patients than the nondiabetic patients (57.6 vs 33.3, p = 0.001). The average concentration of serum 25(OH)D3 (ng/ml; mean ± standard deviation) was significantly lower for diabetic males than diabetic females (9.07 ± 6.7 vs 12.6 ± 7.6, p = 0.02). No significant correlation was seen on simple correlation analysis between concentration of serum 25(OH)D3 and BMI, waist circumference, total body fat, truncal fat, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol among T2DM patients. On logistic regression analysis low concentrations of serum 25(OH) D3 did not emerge as a predictor of T2DM.

Conclusion: Severe vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent in T2DM patients than in nondiabetic patients. Men with T2DM have greater deficiency of vitamin D than diabetic women.